The Differences of Teenagers in the 1940s Compared to Teenagers Today

The Differences of Teenagers during the 1940s Compared to Teenagers Today Elizabeth Ann Murphy Keller Regional Gifted Center, Chicago Teacher: Sandra Cap â€Å"Teenager† was not so much as a word until the late 1940s. Zoot suits, bobby-soxers, soft drink shops, don't sound recognizable. These were everything 1940 youngsters know. A youngster's life during the 1940s and today is amazingly extraordinary in the regions of secondary school life and home life. On the off chance that you ventured into a study hall during the 1940s, you may see young ladies making dresses and young men preparing hard in physical education.At Crane Technical High School, physical instruction was significant on the grounds that the chief needed to save the entirety of the young men fit as a fiddle for war. At Lucy Flower High School for young ladies, the understudies examined cap making, washing, and magnificence culture. Likewise, schools that had sewing classes, had a design appear toward the year's end where the young men and young ladies the same would form what they had made. As per the Chicago Teen Exhibit at the Chicago Historical Society, the explanation these classes are so unique in relation to today is â€Å"many poor and outsider families saw little an incentive in contemplating subjects like Latin and Botany.Educators realized that youngsters and their folks would pick school over work just on the off chance that it filled a viable need. Accordingly, schools offered professional and business courses from dressmaking to accounting. Developing quantities of youngsters before long filled specialized schools†. Schools showed exercises in family life, cleanliness, and wellbeing. As per Joel Spring this was on the grounds that â€Å"What do we do with 60% of understudies who aren't picking up anything from a school prep educational program? We will give them â€Å"life alteration education†.In 1940, eight out ten young men who moved on from school did battle and the greater part of the number of inhabitants in the United States had finished close to eighth grade. In 1945 fifty-one percent of multi year olds were secondary school graduates. Today, in excess of 13 million young people report to open secondary school classes over the United States. The Scholastics Aptitude Tests (SAT) started in 1941. They were utilized as a screening gadget for school confirmation and initially as an Army insight test. The SATs are a significant piece of the present young person's life. To get into a decent school, you eed to excel on the SAT, thinking about 60% of today' s occupations require preparing past secondary school contrasted with only 20% during the 1940s. The present secondary school understudies take classes very different than the classes during the 1940s. They take classes, for example, English, Mathematics, Science (one Biology and one Physical Science), U. S. History, Civics, Economics, Physical Education, Health Education, and Elective, Art or Music or Vocational courses, Career and Technical Education, and a Foreign Language. At Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA), a propelled secondary school, understudies take math classes, for example, Mathematics Investigation I to MI IV.They concentrate top to bottom arithmetic, and a few understudies even work into the Calculus arrangement of arithmetic. IMSA has various homerooms, a hall, and a pool. During the 1940s, St. Michaels High School had a dim room, a recreation center, a pool, ponies (for horse back riding exercises), and a bowling alley. At St. Michaels, on the primary floor, there was the recreation center and the music room, on the second floor the cafeteria, and on the third floor, the library and the science labs. This school is a lot of like today’s secondary school with the exception of the ponies. After school, during the 1940s, a young person may return home, change garments, and go to work.If your family was poor, you would buckle dow n after school or you didn't go to class, however worked throughout the day, and the entirety of your profit would go to your family. There were not a ton of lucrative employments accessible in Chicago during the 1940s. Bill Flanagan, a young kid during the 1940s, claims â€Å"My first authority work, I got when I was 14. I was a waiting assistant at the café on the South Side. I got $0. 25 60 minutes. Great cash. I got $5 per week. Obviously, you could take a young lady out on the town for $5. Trust me, $5 was a great deal of cash. † Eva Kelley, a young person during the 1940s, was a YMCA storage space orderly for $0. 6 60 minutes. Yvett Moloney, a youthful adolescent during the late 940s, had an uncommon activity working in a mail request house for $3. 50 per day, and she worked at a phone organization. Different employments did during the 1940s incorporate working at the YMCA and showing swimming, working at a pizza spot, and working at a distribution center. Anna Tyler, an African-American youngster during the 1940s, worked at the men's club as a server, the workplace college club, Wiebolt's as an assistant, and a lift administrator. Jerry Warshaw, an adolescent during the 1940s, had various employments: conveyance kid at the fish showcase, a soft drink snap, at the TreasuryDepartment, and the mail station. His most critical activity was an attendant skipper. He had 17 men under him and got paid $0. 45 60 minutes. Today we despite everything have ushers, just they work in execution theaters and at brandishing settings. Numerous adolescents today work at drive-thru eateries and stores, for example, Jewel Osco and Walgreens. Today, most eateries and supermarkets let young people work there as long as they are 16 or more seasoned. Numerous secondary school understudies today volunteer just as have an occupation since administration hours are required to move on from secondary school. In view of World War II, there was proportioning and triumph cultiva tes on the home front.There were scrap drives, war bond drives, and each kind of stamp for food or shoes. â€Å"The normal fuel proportion was three gallons per week; the yearly spread apportion twelve pounds for every individual, 26 percent not exactly ordinary; as far as possible for canned merchandise thirty-three pounds, thirteen pounds under regular utilization levels; and individuals could purchase just three new matches of shoes a year†, as indicated by student of history Michael Uschan. Contrast that with today. Today you can purchase nearly anything. â€Å"When conventionalists talk about the Family, they mean an utilized Father, a housewife, and two school-matured children.This profile just fits 5% of United States families today,† as indicated by student of history Letty Pogrebin. During the 1940s, adolescents and there guardians were normally exceptionally close. A few guardians who bolstered the war exertion left there young people unattended. This caused â€Å"renewed social alert about adolescent misconduct. To answer the emergency, social direction films appeared in the study hall introduced situations intended to shape high schooler conduct into increasingly worthy forms†, as indicated by a background marked by American instruction. From Zoot suits to loose jeans; from sewing classes to science; from radios to TV, a teenager’s life during the 1940s is altogether different from today. From Susan Ansell â€Å"High School. Instruction Week: High School Reform†edweek. organization/setting/points;/issuespage cfm? id+cfm? id+15>, (Oct. 4, 2004); Stephen Feinstein â€Å"Decades of the twentieth Century: the 1940s, from World War II to Jackie Robinson, Chicago Historical Society, â€Å"Teen Chicago†; Eva Kelley meet, no date. (www. teenchicago. com); Yvett Mohony talk with, (Nov 23, 2002); (www. teenchicago. com), Student Historian’s meet with Meghan Murphy, (Oct. 2, 2004); High School,Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬Ë œECS IssueSite: High School†, ecs. organization/html/issue. asp? issueID=108 (Sept. 5, 2004); High School Curriculum Introduction, www. u46. k12. il. us/high_school_curriculum_introdu. html> (Oct. 10, 2004); Sara Mondale and Sara B. Patton, School: The Story of American Public Education; Letty C. Pogrebin, Family governmental issues, Love and Power on an Intimate Frontier; Sammy Skobel talk with Nov. 22, 2003. (www. teenchicago. com); Tom Snyder, â€Å"Educational Attainment: Literacy From 1870 to 1979†, www. nces. ed. gov/naal/historicaldata/edattain. as quickly as possible (Oct. 4, 2004); Michael V. Uschan; A Cultural History of the United States: Through the Decades the 1940s. ]

Nazi Opposition and the Holocaust Free Essays

In â€Å"Opposition and Resistance in Nazi Germany†, Frank McDonough clarifies that the Christian Church was the main association in Hitler’s Germany that contradicted Nazism.â For this explanation, the Church was eagerly restricted by Hitler for Nazi opposition.â The central rivals of Nazism inside the Church were rebuffed by the Nazis. We will compose a custom paper test on Nazi Opposition and the Holocaust or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now  Nevertheless, the Church would not bow to the Nazi system seeing as the estimations of the Church contrasted broadly from Nazism. Samuel P. furthermore, Peral M. Oliner write in â€Å"The Holocaust: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretations† that there were around 50,000 to 500,000 non-Jews with selfless characters that acted the hero the Jews during World War II. Although the period was set apart by outrageous brutality and carnage, great was intended to conquer underhanded as incalculable individuals that took a chance with their lives for the Jews, in spite of the way that they were not identified with the Jews by religion, culture, or ethnicity. Dwindle Hayes makes reference to a few such individuals by name in his article, â€Å"Lessons and Legacies: The Meaning of the Holocaust in a Changing World.†Ã¢ According to the writer, despite the fact that the Nazis accepted that it was a wrongdoing to support the Jews, the daring individuals who helped the Jews would not submit to Nazi weight and bad form. Investigation The entirety of the articles summed up above give proof to back up the authors’ theses.â While Frank McDonough gives chronicled instances of the contention between the Church and Nazism; Samuel P. furthermore, Peral M. Oliner give look into proof to show the charitable qualities of the fearless non-Jewish rescuers that came to help the Jews without expecting a money related compensation in return for their help.â Peter Hayes utilizes the contextual analysis strategy to depict the unselfish character of the non-Jewish rescuer. Consequently, every one of the three articles give enough data to the essayist to comprehend the particular subjects in depth.â What is progressively, every one of the three articles present data in a sensible manner.â After presenting the subjects of their articles, the writers present proof to help their proposal, interfacing every one of their sentences and sections to the past ones.â At no time does it give the idea that the writers are diverging or giving little regarding reasoning.â Rather, the articles are finished as far as rationale. Individual Response to the Readings As I would see it, the most significant actuality to surmise from the summed up readings is that acceptable and underhandedness can be intertwined even in wording in extraordinary distress.â Indeed, it is uplifting news for mankind that everyone would not submit to fiendish in spite of all odds.â So, despite the fact that the Nazis were an incredible danger for the great individuals in their general vicinity, incalculable such individuals wouldn't fear Nazism,â and rather put forth an attempt to help the Jews.â The Church would not bow to Nazi fascism to boot.â I accept this is a triumph for religion, regardless of whether the Jews were being abused due to their religion alone.â Indeed, my confidence in the intensity of religion just as great over fiendishness has been reinforced through these readings.   Step by step instructions to refer to Nazi Opposition and the Holocaust, Essay models

Blog Archive Friday Factoid An International Program at Wharton

Blog Archive Friday Factoid An International Program at Wharton To think of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania as a program that excels only in churning out investment bankers and management consultants would be a mistake.  In fact, Wharton boasts a truly international program, ranked #2 in this area in the 2014  U.S. News World Report  MBA specialty rankings. A full 37% of the schools class of 2014 is made up of international students representing 71 countries, and more than 21.5% of the schools 2012 graduates took jobs outside the United States. Students who wish to study international business at Wharton have no shortage of options for doing so, including the following: Between 100 and 150 Wharton students study at a partner school each year. One popular option is to leverage Wharton’s alliance with INSEAD by taking classes at one of that program’s campuses in Fontainebleau, France or Singapore. Alternatively, students can choose a semester-long international exchange program option at one of 17 partner schools in 15 different countries. Students who wish to pursue a dual degree in business and international studies can combine a Wharton MBA with an MA in International Studies from the Lauder Institute, a 24-month intensive program designed for those who seek to conduct high-level business in a country outside the United States. This program has been described by  Bloomberg Businessweek  as “arguably the single best global management experience anywhere.” For more information on other defining characteristics of the MBA program at Wharton or one of 15 other top business schools, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids University of Pennsylvania (Wharton) Blog Archive Friday Factoid An International Program at Wharton To think of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania as a program that excels only in churning out investment bankers and management consultants would be a mistake.  In fact, Wharton boasts a truly international program, ranked #2 in this area in the 2012 U.S. News World Report  MBA Ranking by Specialty (up from #3 in 2011). A full 36% of the schools class of 2013 is made up of international students representing 73 countries, and more than 24% of the schools 2010 graduates took jobs outside the United States. Students who wish to study international business at Wharton have no shortage of options for doing so, including the following: Between 100 and 150 Wharton students study at a partner school each year. One popular option is to leverage Wharton’s alliance with INSEAD by taking classes at one of that program’s campuses in Fontainebleau, France, or in Singapore. Alternatively, students can choose a semester-long international exchange program option at one of 15 partner schools. Students who wish to pursue a dual degree in business and international studies can combine a Wharton MBA with an MA in International Studies from the Lauder Institute, a 24-month intensive program designed for those who seek to conduct high-level business in a country outside the United States. This program has been described by BloombergBusinessweek  as “arguably the single best global management experience anywhere.” Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)

The Old And New Testament - 1756 Words

The Bible is made up of two main books, the Old and New Testament, which both consist of stories and the experiences of the apostles and the disciples. The Bible talks about every topic imaginable to man; but the topic of woman is still today, a very controversial one. Depending on whom you talk to, opinions will vary dramatically. â€Å"Are women seen as equal to man?† â€Å"Are women independent or dependent†, and â€Å"Are women only seen for their beauty and duties in the household?†. Throughout the Bible, women are spoken about quite a bit. In Genesis, man and woman are created, in Proverbs, the perfect wife is described, and in Corinthians, marriage roles are talked about. The Bible can be interpreted in many ways depending on someone’s opinion.†¦show more content†¦Adam and Eve, probably, both were gardeners/farmers of the Garden of Eden. They didn’t have children yet and there was no other human being or other job on the earth. One did not do a more masculine or feminine job than the other, they were equal. Another item of note; before Adam and Eve ate the fruit of knowledge, they both had no idea that they were naked. They did not know there was a right and wrong, they couldn’t get embarrassed, or jealous, or angry. They were innocent. Adam wasn’t the only one innocent or naked, Eve was as well. God didn’t give more knowledge to Adam than Eve, they were given equal amount of knowledge and responsibility. That was the only time that human beings were perfectly equal. The only reason for that, of course, was because it was before they ate from the tree of knowledge. After that, mankind was born into the knowledge of embarrassment, anger, jealousy, pride, and inequality. The definition of equality is, â€Å"the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.† When looking at the book of Genesis, Adam and Eve were equal in status, rights, and opportunities. Soon after Eve was created, Eve ate from the Tree of Knowledge and convinced Adam to as well. This was the fall into sin. When God found out about this he punished them both. To Eve, he said â€Å"Your desire shall be for your husband. And heShow MoreRelatedThe Old Testament And New Testament1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe names â€Å"Old Testament† and â€Å"New Testament† are inherently theological in nature. Because there is a difference distinctly built into giving them different notations, it implies that there are differences between each the Old Testament and the New Testament, whether it is subtle in nature or obvious in nature. To Christians, the difference means that the Old Testament contains dealings between God and the world and even some of the rules made are made irrelevant by the interactions of Christ JesusRead MoreThe Old Testament And New Testament1704 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Old Testament to discover the story and character of God that is concealed wi thin the pages of the Old Testament stories. By taking a little time to understand the context of the stories in the Old Testament readers can see the faithfulness, loving nature, and kindness of God. Most times people are dissuaded from reading the Old Testament books because they assume God is mean and harsh within those pages, but that simply isn’t the truth. God is revealed in every story in the Bible – Old TestamentRead MoreThe Old Testament And New Testament1373 Words   |  6 Pagesof studies in the New Testament. The New Testament catches many attentions because it describes Jesus’ life and birth of the church. As people focus more on the New Testament, the Old Testament is viewed as an unnecessary book to read. Christians have debated whether the Old Testament is needed to be read. Many Christians have claimed that the Old Testament is unnecessary to the biblical study with the New Testament containing all the study materials needed. Even so, Old Testa ment is vital literatureRead MoreThe Old Testament And The New Testament1626 Words   |  7 Pages The Old Testament and The New Testament provide mirror images of Terrestrial Humans mentality Evolution and the comprehensive overview of the mental developmental trends over a span covering last five millennia. The Old Testament moral norms served in establishing a legal system with base in an absolute, irrevocable right of private ownership. Incontestable proof of continuous process of Evolution in this micro-segment of Spiral is an emergence of ‘The New Testament’, as a herald of a new mentalRead MoreThe Old Testament And The New Testament1069 Words   |  5 Pagesdivided into two major complimentary sections, the Old Testament and the New Testament. Where the Old Testament is foundational, containing prophecies and providing the history of people, the New Testament builds up on the Old Testament with more revelations from God, fulfilling the many prophecies announced and providing the history of one Person, Jesus Christ. The Old Testament prophesizes the coming of Christ in Isaiah and Genesis, and the New Testament unveils the identity of the Messiah in John 1Read MoreChristianity : The Old Testament And The New Testament1676 Words   |  7 Pageshas the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is foundational: the New Testament build on that foundation with further revelation from God. The Old Testament has many prophecies that are fulfilled in the New Testament. The Old Testament focuses more on the history of a person while the New Testament focused on the person himself. In the Old Testament it states more of God’s wrath against sin, the New Testament shows more grace God gives towards sinners. The New Testament is whatRead MoreA Discussion Of The Old And New Testaments Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesrelevance to both a discussion of the Old and New Testaments. In specific terms Wisdom is associated with Creation and with Redemption in both Testaments as an illustration of its importance in overall Salvation History. Wisdom is generally understood as the right use of knowledge. More than that, it is thought of as basic to a religious understanding of the twin ideas of Creation and Redemption, and thisextends its relevance to both a discussion of the Old and New Testaments. In clearly stated/particularRead MoreThe Books From The Old Testament And New Testament2106 Words   |  9 PagesThe books from the Old Testament and New Testament do not have a direct link between them. For the readers of the bible, there is a clear end of the Old Testament with the book of Malachi, and the beginning of the New Testament with the book of Matthew does not continue with what was left in Malachi. The author, John Butler, refers to John the Baptist as the â€Å"connecting link between the Old and New Testament.† The 400 years that separate the Old Testament with the New Testament John the Baptist makesRead MoreThe Old Testament And The New Covenant1875 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction With the writing of the New Testament and the New Covenant, many Christians wonder if they are still obligated to follow the writings of the Old Testament, specifically the Mosaic Law. Romans helps to answer this question. Paul writes in Romans that the Christian is no longer under Old Testament or Mosaic Law, but is now under Christ’s Law (Rom 7:6 ) and that justification by faith, not works under the law is what will make a man righteous (Rom 3:28). This does not mean that the ChristianRead MoreThe Book Of Revelation, By The Old Testament And The New Testament Essay1506 Words   |  7 Pagesis a large percentage of the Bible, people say that the Old Testament is the New Testament concealed, and the New Testament is the Old Testament revealed . Through the prophets, Scripture reveals a redeemer and the name of Messiah. They foretell about Christ’s birth, death and resurrection in the Old Testament and the New Testament retells His real-life stories. Because of this, a large part of the prophecy in both the Old and New Testament--according to Christians--has been fulfilled. Yet, the

The Importance Of Financial Reporting On Decision Making...

The Importance of Financial Reporting in Decision Making Qin Tang 15025913 Massey University MASSEY UNIVERSITY School of Accountancy/Economics and Finance/Management Lecturer’s Name Paper Number Paper Name Jill Hooks 110.702 Financial Accounting and Reporting Honesty Declaration †¢ I declare that this is an original assignment and is entirely my own work. †¢ Where I have made use of the ideas of other writers, I have acknowledged (referenced) the source in every instance. †¢ Where I have used any diagrams or visuals produced by others, I have acknowledged (referenced) the source in every instance. †¢ This assignment has been prepared exclusively by me for this paper and has not been and will not be submitted as assessed work in any other academic paper. †¢ I am aware of the Code of Student Conduct on the Massey University web site http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/about-massey/calendar/statutes-and-regulations/code-of-student-conduct.cfm, clause 2 (f), wherein it states [Students shall] â€Å"act with honesty and integrity in submitting material or imparting information to the university†. Assessment Examination Regulations clause (7) clarifies further that â€Å"dishonesty† is a breach of the Code of Student Conduct and will be dealt with accordingly. Family Name Given Name(s) ID number Student Signature Date Tang Qin 15025913 Qin Tang 29/04/2015 The Importance of Financial Reporting in Decision Making Introduction Financial accounting andShow MoreRelatedAn Exploration Of Andrew Lennards Article : Stewardship And The Objective Of Financial Statements1473 Words   |  6 PagesAn Exploration of Andrew Lennard’s Article: â€Å"Stewardship and the Objective of Financial Statements† (Lennard, 2007) An Introduction Andrew Lennard’s article, published in 2007, draws upon the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)’s and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)’s Preliminary Views (PV) regarding a conceptual framework for financial reporting. In his article, Lennard compares IABS’s view on a new framework concept, with an alternative view from two members within IASBRead MoreThe Importance of Financial Reporting980 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Financial reporting being my last module in this course has been quiet rewarding and beneficial as it provides comprehensive guidance for the acquisition of requisite knowledge and skill to appraise my current role as an accountant. The theories, concepts and ideas introduces new areas otherwise would not have been exposed to, for example, potential uses and limitations of Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). It laid solid foundation for the application of financial accountingRead MoreThe Disclosure Of The And E Of Financial Reporting Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesPPE as per AASB116 and Western area’s disclosure on the PPE of financial statement. 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The types of generally accepted accounting principles; to the corporate compliance, ethics, fraud, and abuse are all importantRead MoreThe Course Fraudulent Financial Reporting And Corporate Governance Of Prof872 Words   |  4 PagesThe course Fraudulent Financial Reporting and Corporate Governance of prof. Hermanson is the great oversight of financial reporting and governance issues. The students are able to understand the roles of the board of director and board committees, the critique research on fraudulent financial reporting and the cycle of fraud through real fraud cases over the world. Indeed, I recognize the importance of corporate management over financial reporting. The three main things I learned from this classRead MoreEssay Ethics Article Review886 Words   |  4 Pagesaround business practices. Included in these businesses practi ces are accounting and financial decision-making. Both of these require high standards of ethics as many people rely on the information produced by them. The lack of ethics results in misinformation and the lack of trust. This paper will first provide a brief summary of an article that discusses ethics in accounting and financial decision-making. After that, this article will be related to assigned readings and to an organization’sRead MoreConceptual Framework For Financial Reporting1512 Words   |  7 PagesIFRS:Conceptual Frameworkfor Financial Reporting Role of the Conceptual Framework Conceptual Framework sets out agreed concepts that underlie financial reporting objective, qualitative characteristics, element definitions IASB uses Conceptual Framework to set standards enhances consistency across standards enhances consistency over time as Board members change provides benchmark for judgments Preparers use Conceptual Framework to develop accounting policies in the absence of specific standard orRead MoreIntegrated Reporting And Non Financial Information1749 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Contents Introduction to Integrated Reporting 2 Importance of Integrated Reporting 2 Summary of Findings on AGL integrated reporting 3 Mandatory of Integrated Reporting 4 Conclusion 5 Reference 6 â€Æ' Introduction to Integrated Reporting An Integrated report is a brief statement issued by an organization that includes financial and non-financial information regarding the organization’s strategy, governance, performance and prospects with the view of explaining the formation of value in the shortRead MoreQuestions On Financial Reporting And Its Importance For Property, Plant And Equipment ( Ppe ) Asset1083 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive summary Recently, awareness on the importance for Property, Plant and equipment (PPE) asset for our reporting entity has been increasing continuously. This report will introduce background of BHP Billiton Ltd. and the growing significance of PPE assets. This report will also discuss the objective of general purpose financial reporting and the fundamental qualitative characteristics of useful financial information. Moreover, we will analyse whether disclosures on BHP Billiton Ltd.’s PPERead MoreThe Reporting Entity Concept Of The Australian Accounting Standards Board1027 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1A 1B The Reporting Entity Concept makes up part of the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) Conceptual Framework and has been in use since its inception in Australian Accounting Standards in the early 90s (Hamidi-Ravari, 2014). The creation of Statement of Accounting Concept 1 (SAC 1) has allowed for businesses to determine if they are a reporting entity by outlining the various criteria applicable to such decision making. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS, n.d

Shedding Light on Gay Culture in New York in George...

George Chauncey’s Gay New York Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World 1890-1940, goes where no other historian had gone before, and that is into the world of homosexuality before World War II. Chauncey’s 1994 critically acclaimed book was a gender history breakthrough that gave light to a homosexual subculture in New York City. The author argues against the idea that homosexual men lived hidden away from the world. Chauncey’s book exposes an abundant culture throughout the United States, especially in New York. In this book Chauncey not only shows how the gay population existed, but â€Å"uncovers three widespread myths about the history of gay life before the rise of the gay movement which was isolation, invisibility, and internalization.† Chauncey argues against these theories that in the years 1890-1940, America had in fact a large gay culture. Chauncey book is impactful in the uncovering of a lost culture, but also works as an urba n pre-World War II history giving an inside view of life in the city through sexuality and class. Chauncey’s, Gay New York Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World 1890-1940, is essentially a social history investigation into the non-invisible gay New York. The author introduces his reader into city where no man was either a homosexual or heterosexual. Instead, this was a place where a man was either masculine of feminine rather than the sex of their chosen partner. Chauncey makes this argument by saying

Describe why communication, language and literacy are important to children’s learning free essay sample

Communication is a term covering the exchange of information or news, involving eye contact and body language as well as speaking, listening reading and writing. Children learn to communicate from the time they are born, listening, using and reading body language and then babbling and developing speech as they grow. These skills are used throughout life and are very important for learning. Children need to have well developed communication skills so that they can quickly learn from adults. Communication and social skills are important for making friends. It is essential that children learn to understand others facial expressions and body language and to be able to work out how others are feeling and how to react to this. It is important for children’s learning and development to have a good understanding of language, and to understand what others are saying. Learning to talk is essential so they can express how they are feeling and to let others know of their needs and to have their needs met. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe why communication, language and literacy are important to children’s learning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A young child who cannot speak or make themselves understood may become frustrated, and can result in behaviour such as biting or hitting out. Children use, enjoy and can further develop their language skills through role play. As well as the spoken language children need to be able to think about words and use words to express their ideas. They can use this for problem solving and it is carried right into adulthood and through life. Children who have well developed language skills will find it easier when learning to read and sound words. Reading and writing are essential skills in modern life. These are used often in everyday life, e.g. when shopping it is important to be able to read signs and labels and be able to work out values and amounts. Being able to read develops child’s vocabulary, this is a skill children will learn over a  period of time. Children who can read well will be motivated to learn. From an early age we can read to children to help nurture these skills. Children at school learn to turn the pages of a book and to read from left to right and then learn to read the words. Children can develop and use their imagination through books and reading, a skill that is carried through life for work and enjoyment.

The Hair Cutting Shear free essay sample

Every two weeks, my father asks me to cut his hair. The first time, I grumbled that it doesn’t cost much money to go to the hair salon. He said, â€Å"Think how much money you can save each year. With this money I can buy more necessary stuff for you. Besides that, you can learn more skills.† My father is not stingy nor miserly, but he’s an economical person. I’ve learned from him that we shouldn’t waste money on unneeded things. As the time passed, cutting my father hair became a habit of my life. I enjoy doing this after realizing that I can have more private time with him. Since coming to the U.S., my parents have spent less time with me. They arent involved with my homework, but instead push themselves in working. So in those haircutting moments, my father and I truly get more connected. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hair Cutting Shear or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even so, the monotonous humming sound of the hair cutting shear sometimes put my father into sleep. I still remember every time he took me to job interviews because of his limited English and how many times he failed on them. He was usually quiet at those moments. His disappointment made me mad. I blamed the narrow mind of the interviewer. I blamed my fathers poor English. And I blame myself, for my helplessness. I had looked up many jobs opportunities online, wrote an attractive resume, and even learned interviewing tips. My father finally has a job which does not require an interview: a regular labor in a small seafood company. The sense of the seafood sticks on his coat mingles with the sweat after an exhausted working day exhale to my nose every night he gets home, which sometimes my innocent little sister utters to him that she can’t stand it. However, that motivates me to study harder, so one day I will let him enjoy his life instead of working so hard. My fathers hair is turning gray. The haircutting shear moves steadily, revealing some wrinkles on his forehead. I’ve learned that time never goes backward and people have to move forward. Time drifts all those childhood memories away, leading me to head up to the future. Most people have goals to reach and know what they really want to do after high school. But my ambition is vague, such as a road smothered in dust that I can’t figure the right way to go. I don’t yet know what I want to do for a career, or even what I’d like to major in, but I do know that I enjoy studying and engaging to a new community where I can learn to be more responsible and independent. I want to feel the air of the outside world and who I really am. Furthermore, my curiosity about new things drives me to learn. Knowledge is infinite as a book that doesn’t have the last page and education is the only way to expand my knowledge. Therefore, college is the road that I chose. I believe some new experiences will help me to grow up as a mature daughter whom my parents would be proud of. My future is in my hand.

ACNE essays

ACNE essays Almost everyone has acne at one time or another in life. Acne is a skin condition that can cause pimples such as, white heads and black heads to appear on the face, chest, back, neck, and shoulders. Most teenagers have acne for about five years, but for others it clears up much faster. Not only teenagers go through acne, but women that did not experience acne during puberty, can also get acne in there twenties and thirties. Women can also get minor acne before there menstrual period. All of us are affected by acne at one point in time or another, and some less than others, but all of us experience it and just have to deal with it because the best remedy for getting rid of acne is time. Acne begins in the upper part of the hair follicle, where sebaceous glands discharge sebum, an oily substance that keeps skin from drying out. During puberty, the sebaceous glands enlarge dramatically. If pores near these glands become clogged with dead skin cells or oily cosmetics, the sebum accumulates underneath, causing inflammation in the surrounding skin. The acne is further aggravated when bacterial enzymes break down the sebum into irritating substances that add to the inflammation and swelling. If several follicles in the same area become inflamed, scarring can also occur. There are several forms of acne, but the most common is vulgaris, found mostly in teenagers, whose hormonal changes cause a large increase in the size of the sebaceous glands and in sebum production. As stated before the best remedy for acne is time, and just letting acne go away on its own is the best. People with moderate cases of acne may use topical antibiotics, and also take small doses of antibiotics given orally over long periods of time. Other therapies that have been found effective include the topical use of retinoic acid or benzoyl peroxide. Most experts agree that greasy or oily cosmetics should not be used, and that water-based cosmetics should be used instead...

The Price Of Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Price Of Freedom - Essay Example I thought that the contract was one of the many contacts that I had lost over time. I went on to pick the call and an elderly voice called out my name in a friendly tone. The man summoned me to meet him outside the club so that he could make clear his intentions. I walked out of a small room that served as a pub and at the same time as the dancing room. Immediately I walked out of the club, and three men were standing adjacent to the door and met me as if they knew me well. One of the men spontaneously offered to buy me a drink that I agreed to. We entered the club and one of my friends held my beer from afar. I signaled him to give me a couple of minutes before I could join them. As we approached the bar, the man who had offered to buy a drink told me to order any drink of my choice. I went ahead and ordered a soft drink since I thought that the men were friends of my father or at least one of my uncles. As the bartender fetched my order, I took a quick look at one of the men. He was dark, tall and well built. His blazer’s size appeared to be bigger near the waist, and the thought of a gun crept into my mind. The other man tapped my shoulder and requested to see my phone. I asked him what intentions were since I did not have an idea of who he was. The other man went on to ask for a physical evidence of my phones receipt. I told them that I had no obligation of doing what they asked, and I had used my phone for some time thus there’s no way I could have stolen it. One of the men told me that it was true that my phone had been stolen and that he had evidence to back his statement. My friends had already come nearer and were listening carefully. They also reassured the men that the phone was mine since I had possessed it for some time. Suddenly, one of the men drew out a gun from his waist. In a fraction of a second, the other man showed me some pictures that depicted all my dealings in the past two months.

Latin america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Latin america - Essay Example The â€Å"internal enemy† was thus, anyone who held any anti-government sentiments, or could hold them (Byrne). After the coup of General Pinochet in Chile, everyone with leftist leanings was considered to be an â€Å"internal enemy† to be destroyed. With the assent and approval of the US government, the repressive Chilean regime targeted many unions and their workers, universities were targeted too, as were students, and many people, thought to have leftist leanings, were kidnapped, to be tortured and/or killed. In Chile, an â€Å"internal enemy† was, thus, anyone who had communist leanings or was a communist sympathizer, a pretty vague term, which resulted in the death, torture and disappearance of many Chileans (Byrne). In El Salvador, the situation was pretty identical too; here too the â€Å"internal enemy† was anyone who was against the policies of the regime. Guised under a crackdown against communists or subversive elements (â€Å"internal enemy†), the regime cracked down on dissenters, unions, students and community leaders and massacred a lot of its population (Byrne). A few decades after the US support for Guatemala’s military governments, that ended up killing around 200,000 of Guatemalans, mostly Mayans (Carter), President Clinton felt it was important for the US to apologize so that a new era, where the US fostered democracy and democratic processes, could start. This could not be done without the US accepting its mistake and undertaking to support democracy. However, Clinton was criticized for doing that because those who were involved in US and Guatemala’s affairs feared that this would undermine all the good that the US had done to subvert communism and to win the Cold War. The critics point out that the US did not support military regimes, but rather was working for the â€Å"people’s right of self-determination.† (Carter). Political Prisoner Retamozo (File 3721)

Economic development in China and India Essay Example for Free

Economic development in China and India Essay Foreign trade in China is almost completely dominated by the state. In 1979, China relaxed certain trade restrictions, paving the way for increases in the relatively small foreign investment and trade activity. By the late 1980s, yearly exports totaled about $41. 1 billion and imports $46. 4 billion, and both have increased sharply since then. China has been undergoing a dramatic transformation to a market economy. As a result, it currently is the world leader in terms of economic growth, industrial expansion, and exports. It contains an array of potential consumers that far exceeds the markets in Europe or the Western Hemisphere, and it is rapidly emerging as a new epicenter for industry, commerce, and finance. In addition, the so-called â€Å"greater China† has substantial amounts of technology and manufacturing capability, outstanding entrepreneurial, marketing, and services acumen in Hong Kong, a fine communications network and a tremendous pool of financial. When these resources are combined with the very large endowment of land, resources, and labor on the mainland, China already is a major superpower in the global economy. The people’s Republic of China (PRC or China, for short) has had a long tradition of isolation. In 1979, Deng Xiaoping opened his country to the world. Although his bloody 1989 put-down of protestors in Tiananmen Square was a definite setback for progress, China is rapidly trying to close the gap between itself and economically advance nations and to establish itself as an economic power in the Pacific Rim. Southeast China in particular has become a hotbed of business activity. Presently, China is actively encouraging trade with the West, and it is a major trading partner of the United States. Despite this progress, many U. S. and European multinationals find that doing business in the PRC can be a long, grueling process that often results in failure. One primary reason is that Western-based MNCs do not understand the role and impact of Chinese culture. Since the last few decades there has been a multifold increase in the FDI in China. The Chinese economy has now gaining the power of effecting the decisions of the economic bodies of the world. History of FDI growth in China: The country launched its open door policy 26 years ago. Since the policy introduction the FDI flows in the country received a quick response. In 2004 China was at no. 2nd position in the world of FDI with $64 billion. The Chinese FDI trends can be examined in two phases. First phase: 1979-82 Second phase: 1984-91 Third phase: 1992-99 In the first phase the government establish for special zones with incentive policies. Although there was a high inflow into those regions, the total FDI flow reached US $ 1. 8 billion. In the second phase the provinces were opened and recorded US $ 10. 3 billion. In 1989 however the trend dropped. In the third phase Deny Xiaoping opened China for overall economic reform. The phase was very fruitful for China. The government introduced new policies and market oriented economic reform. In result of these reforms the FDI’s started flowing into the Chinese economy at rocket speed. In November 1999 US-China had an agreement regarding the WTO, according to which many new reforms were made (Sandra, 2001) those included †¢ The sectors relating to the distribution services will be opened for repair and maintenance and China will phase in trading rights and distribution services over three years. The Government for the investment opened the telecommunication industry of China. †¢ The professionals were also allowed access to the service markets of China. The services included according, consulting, Information Technology and Engineering. (Lardy, 2000). FDI in China rose to a peak level of US $ 45463 million in 1998. In the first six months of 2002, actual foreign direct investment (FDI) in China rocketed to 24. 58 billion U. S. dollars, setting a record growth rate of 18. 69 percent year-on-year. (Beijing Time, 2002) On June 22, 2005, CNOOC, a Chinese company made a $18. billion bid to purchase Unocal Corporation, an U. S. energy company. News of the bid raised concern among several Members, many of who contend that the deal would threaten U. S. national security. On June 30, 2005, the House passed H. Res. 344 (Pombo) by a vote of 398 to 15, expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that a Chinese state-owned energy company exercising control of critical United States energy infrastructure and energy production capacity could take action that would threaten to impair the national security of the United States. On the same day, the House passed an amendment (H.  Amdt. 431) to an appropriations bill (H. R. 3058) that would prohibit the use of funds from being made available to recommend approval of the sale of Unocal Corporation to CNOOC. On May 20, 2005, the Chinese government reported that first quarter real GDP grew by 9. 4% in 2005 over the same period in 2004. On April 15, 2005, the Chinese government reported that its foreign exchange reserves had risen to $659. 1 billion by the end of May 2005. (Morrison, 2005) Some researchers state the fact that the data reported for FDI in China is different from the reality. The Chinese FDI data is overstated. About ? of flight capital later returns (â€Å"round-trips†) as FDI when opportunities emerge. (Gunter, 2004) From the early 1990s most of the researchers from International bodies have calculated wrong FDI. It is Mainland Chinese monies that flowed out to access better financial, regulatory and legal services and round-trip by returning to China as apparent FDI to access the fiscal incentives and improved investor protection offered in China to foreign investors. (Erskine, 2004) Outward FDI: â€Å"The figures on FDI outflows vary. According to China’s BOP statistics, the cumulative total during 1990 to 1997 was US$18. 9 billion, consisting exclusively of equity capital. Since the 1980s, China has been fast acquiring assets abroad. Researchers7 estimate that Chinese FDI in Hong Kong totaled US$20-30 billion by the end of 1993 or 1994. In fact the net wealth of Chinese affiliates abroad can be measured in hundreds of billion dollars. Officially, the Chinese SOEs had as many as 5 666 affiliates abroad at the end of 1998 with a combined FDI of US$6. 33 billion. (Chandra) Both the in-ward and the out-ward FDIs are a strong influencing forces which effect the trade performance of a country. This can be further explained by conducting the following case study. The study reveals increased value to Economy of China due to FDI. Source countries: Among the developed countries Japan United States are the most important investors in China. Hong Kong is also an important investor and newly industrialized (NIEs. From 1990’s some of the countries like Philippines Malaysia Indonesia have also increased their investment levels in China. Other countries are also showing interest in investing in China in future. In 2003, Sino-Japan trade reached a record high $132 billion. Examining the fast expansion of the bilateral trade suggests that direct investment from Japan performed a critical role in strengthening the economic integration between the two economies. Japanese affiliated manufacturers in China contributed to the soaring bilateral trade in dual ways: exporting their products as final products and intermediate inputs to Japan, and importing intermediates inputs from Japan for their production in China. In 2002, Japanese affiliated manufacturers exported 1,057 billion yen products to Japanese market (METI, 2003). The effect on China’s exports and its national economy is tremendous. (Xing, 2004) FDI from China: Not much material is provided regarding the subject. Although Hong Kong can be viewed as the destination for out ward flow of FDI from China. Sector and geographical distribution of FDI in China Sector Distribution: â€Å"So far, the major proportion of FDI is drawn for the manufacturing field, which takes up almost 60 per cent of the total contracted FDI by 1998. Next follows real estate with the share of 24. 4 percent. The portion of the distribution industry including transport, wholesale and retailing is 6. 0 percent. Construction comes next with 3. 1 percent. The primary industry such as agriculture, forestry and fishing takes 1. 8 per cent. In the future, service trade, such as finances, telecommunications and wholesale and resale commerce, will take up a larger share as a result of Chinese accession to WTO and further liberalization. Further investment liberalization should also take place in traditional industries. Especially, the expansion of FDI in agriculture will depend on the degree of opening up to the market circulation of agricultural products and the industrialized process of production operations. FIEs also generated nearly one fifth of the total tax revenues and 23. 5 million job opportunities, employing about one 10th of urban workers. These numbers suggest FDI has contributed nearly one quarter to one third of China’s GDP growth. †(OECD, 2004) Barriers in the way of FDI in China: The Chinese government has applied a controlled competition culture which against the liberalization provided by the WTO which lift most of the regulations from the trade commerce (Yoost, 2005) Many assets in commercial and industrial sectors are state owned. This in turn gives rise to the problem of hidden state regulation imposition of the government on the foreign investors. This strengthens the view that China does not practice liberty in Business. Some of the sectors of economy are still protected by the government. Due to the situation the WTO commitments are not fulfilled which gives rise to local competition for foreign investors Factors attracting FDI in India: â€Å"India is a prime offshore location for low and high-tech activities, its low-cost, English-speaking and IT-savvy labor force, coupled with a large market potential, underpin global executives improved outlook and investment confidence this year. † (Rediff. com, 2003) The first set of factors which was involved in bringing the FDI to India was the improvement in technology, cheap labor, cost effective production of the goods, cheap and efficient supply chain. The Indian Government also has the cutting edge of Channeling the FDI in the right direction. They are attracting most of the MNEs towards India because at present the Chinese economy can provide them with all the suitable factors desired. Due to its increase in population India has become a growing and profitable market for most of the MNEs products (Ahluwalia) The second set of factors, relating to SOEs, will change significantly and alter the market environment that foreign firms will face in India. Many if not the majority, of India’s best SOEs in industries accessible to foreign investors have set up joint ventures with foreign companies. In the foreseeable future, as the number of SOEs in the national economy continues to shrink, India will facilitate the entry of private domestic firms. MNCs will tend to build up their own affiliates rather than look for Indian domestic partners. At the same time, they will face more competition from private Indian firms as their numbers increase. All of these will become attractive features of the Indian market. Foreign invested enterprises (FIEs) have provided an alternative to private entrepreneurship because private Indian firms have been largely discriminated against. In the past 20 years, the highly efficient FIEs have contributed a great deal to the Indian economy. In 2002, even though FDI accounted for only one 10th of the gross fixed capital formation, FIEs contributed one third of the industrial output, one quarter of the value added, more than half of the exports, and nearly three quarters of the foreign exchange balances held in Chinese banks by corporations (Zhang, 2005). â€Å"The government of India eliminated export quotas as part of its effort to double Indian exports to more than $80 billion by 2007. India is the largest cotton cultivating country. The country has vast reservoir of scientific talent, established pharmaceutical industry, diversity of population and unique natural resources. Key to Indias development of biotechnology is the need for a science-based, rules-based regulatory approach, which is the best way to attract private sector investment. † (Larson, 2002) The major empirical conclusions of this paper are: (1) Much of the measured trade effect is through FDI rather than cost, as the theory of FDI would indicate, and that studies which concentrate on cost as the channel significantly understate the extent of such expansion. 2) On the whole bilateral country level, outward FDI has a larger predicted impact on Chinas exports than does inward FDI. On the other hand, inward FDI is found having a larger predicted impact on Chinas imports than does outward FDI. (3) There is much cross-regional variation and differences in the patterns of FDI-trade links. Regarding to the impact of inward FDI on Chinese trade, FDI is found to boost both export and import growth in Asia, Europe and Oceania. As far as outward FDI is concerned, a unanimous complement link between FDI and trade exists only for Asia, and Africa. (Yong, 2003) The work undertaken in this paper is an improved one because it takes into account all the aspects related to the FDI including a set of countries which contributes towards the FDI in China India, the contribution made by this paper is in more fully evaluating an important policy question regarding the effect of FDI. Second, it takes into account national changes both in inward FDI and outward FDI over a considerable period of time.

GMR Applications :: science

GMR Applications A Microcontroller-based scheme for measurement of magnetic field position using Giant Magnetic Resistor (GMR) in Contactless Measurement and Robotics Omidreza Esmaeili Motlagh Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Mazandaran University ( UMZ ), Babol, Iran Magnetic sensors in contactless applications: Magnetic sensors can be used for all sorts of applications where a contactless measurement of position and orientation is required. For instance in cars, where a large number of sensors are employed, magnetic sensors obviously have great advantages over their counterparts which involve the use of moving parts. Also they are variety of Magnetic sensors used in industry to simplify designs in different cases. For instance the current measurement using shunt resistor is in some cases impractical or impossible. For large currents the shunt resistors are heavy and they cause voltage drop and dissipate heat. They are not insulated and the conductor should be disconnected for mounting. Contactless current sensors may be used for remote conductors at high potentials, underground cables etc. Today a wide range of AC and DC contactless current sensors is produced. Also precise contactless magnetic sensors are always required by car industry, chemical industry and many other industries, for measurement of power and many other applications. Solid-state magnetic field sensors are moving into a growing range of new contactless applications because of their small size, low power consumption, and relatively low cost. The first aim of the project therefore will be to become familiar with different kinds of magnetic sensors, especially new GMR family and to investigate their characteristics and behavior in presence of applied magnetic field. [1] Giant Magnetic Resistor (GMR): Structure: The sensor consists of stack of magnetic and non-magnetic layers and Giant Magnetic Resistivity or GMR effects occur when these ultra-thin magnetic layers are set in close proximity to each other. Alternately magnetic and non-magnetic layers can be built up with the magnetic fields either parallel or anti-parallel, creating very sensitive low to high resistance components. The resistance of a GMR sensor as a measure for the applied field varies with the angle between the hard internal magnetization and the soft magnetic covering layers which follows the magnetic field. [2] The Giant Magnetic Resistor is a resistive device whose Ohmic value changes gradually only when a nearer external magnetic field changes its relative orientation and the originated field intensity or the distance between magnet and GMR are not relevant within certain limits. Any rotary button or knob containing a magnet on it, may work as a contactless switch when its rotation is detected by a GMR.

“Pride and Prejudice” offers an intensely personal story Essay

â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† offers an intensely personal story, and this story is written in light, airy, sparkling prose and is filled with witty and immensely entertaining dialogue. There are brilliantly drawn characters ranging from Elizabeth’s slightly eccentric mother to the gold-digging military officer Wickham. The two couples that I will be investigating in the following coursework are Elizabeth with Darcy and Collins with Charlotte. The two couples are both completely different in their relationships. The relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy is a peculiar one. Elizabeth first set eyes on Darcy at a public ball, and Elizabeth was not given the best if first impressions. This is because it was also the first appearance of Mr. Bingley and Elizabeth would have been comparing them both. Mr Bingley danced happily all night at every opportunity: â€Å"†¦Danced every dance, was angry that the ball closed so early†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Whereas Mr. Darcy: â€Å"†¦danced only once with Mrs. Hurst and once with Miss Bingley†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elizabeth would be interested in a fun loving man, not some boring man that was too proud. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Or so she thought. When Mr. Bingley was in vain trying to persuade Mr. Darcy to dance with another Bennet his comment was: â€Å"†¦She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt ME†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Although Mr. Darcy did not intend for Elizabeth to hear this, she did. And this brief meeting was enough to give Elizabeth a first impression, originally the novel of â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† was called â€Å"First impressions† and we can see why. So what of our second pair; were events more auspicious? Charlotte Lucas is a very close friend to Elizabeth, but even with this they have very different views on marriage and love. Elizabeth feels it is essential to have love in a marriage and she would not dream of marriage otherwise. Whereas Charlotte has a very different opinion, she thinks love is a bonus in marriage and not a necessity. She would be quite happy to marry blindly because all that she seeks in a marriage is social stability and the social status: â€Å"†¦Happiness in Marriage is entirely a matter of chance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  When Charlotte first sees Mr. Collins she is interested. She is not interested in his charming good looks, which is just as well, she is interested in his house, money and availability as a husband. Let us now consider the personalities involved in these two marriages. Elizabeth is the protagonist of the novel and the second oldest of the five sisters, she is lively, quick-witted, sharp-tongued, bold and intelligent. She is good looking, and is especially distinguished b her fine eyes. She has pride in seeing a person’s inner-self, yet this ability fails her on more than one occasion. Elizabeth is one of the few people to not be impressed by wealth or titles such as Lady Catherine De Bourgh. And what of her husband to be? Mr. Darcy is an aristocrat of great wealth. He is a proud man and conscious of class difference. Even though Darcy may be proud he still possesses honour. His pride is actually what makes him lose his pride; this is so because Darcy is very used to women falling at his feet but when he realises his adoration for Elizabeth she makes it clear that she isn’t interested. This challenges Darcy. And of our second couple? Collins is an extremely comical clergyman and adds a humorous side to the novel. His trademark is conducting very long and very silly speeches, the sole purpose of these speeches is to say what he thinks to the people around him. Another one of the purposes he has in the novel us being next in line to inherit Longbourn when Mr. Bennet dies. He thought it would help the Bennet family if he was to marry once of the daughters, but when this is refused he turns his affections to Charlotte Lucas. Charlotte is one of Elizabeth’s closest friends, but in the novel her main function is to act as a contrast to Elizabeth. She has little opportunity to find a husband whom she really loves so she settles for the social status and security a man like Mr. Collins can offer. What of the proposals towards Elizabeth? As I have previously stated, Darcy expects women to fall at his feet simply because he is used to it. But when I examine the relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy I see that Elizabeth had a deep hatred for Mr. Darcy. Although this is mainly due to the wrongful accusations imposed by Mr. Wickham, she thinks him to be a proud, cruel, insensitive and devious man. In reality Mr. Darcy is proud by mostly he is shy. Mr Darcy thinks he is successfully attracting Elizabeth, and the she knows it. When actually Elizabeth has no idea of this until Charlotte points it out: â€Å"†¦My dear Eliza he must be in love with you or he would never have called in on us in such a familiar way†¦Ã¢â‚¬  When the first proposal is made to Elizabeth she is absolutely outraged at how this man could think her to love him: â€Å"†¦you were the last man on the earth whom I could every be prevailed on to marry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At this refusal Mr. Darcy was deeply hurt and left the room. We are not told the exact words of Darcy’s second proposal because firstly there is no need, and secondly Jane Austen chooses to leave the proposal to our imaginations. Elizabeth accepts this proposal because by that time she and Mr. Darcy are truly in love. And of the proposal towards Charlotte? Mr Collins only wants to marry because Lady Catherine advised him to, and he is not at all interested in love: â€Å"†¦make him the happiest of men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The proposal was nothing at all towards the proposal of romance. This proposal was actually more of a practicality, something that had to be done before they could both do what they both intended to do; Charlotte wanted to find comfort in her children whereas Collins wanted to please lady Catherine. From looking at both relationships; Elizabeth with Darcy and Charlotte with Collins, I conclude that both couples are happy. Elizabeth and Darcy are happy because they both found their true loves and Elizabeth has the bonus of a husband of wealth and in ownership of a tasteful home. Collins and Charlotte are happy because Collins get to please Lady Catherine (which is all he seems to want to do) and Charlotte is happy because she was reaching quite a high age for unmarried status. The future is concerned is guesswork, but educated guesswork. And my educated guesses are that Elizabeth are and will always be truly happy as long as they have one another. Collins and Charlotte will also be happy in the future because; Collins never put any real commitment into marriage so has nothing to lose, and Charlotte will find comfort in her children. Jane Austen was very successful at putting her views across; she made her opinions obvious when she wanted to (which was not very often) and all of her opinions are justified by my standards and I think many others would agree.

Introduction to Computer Essay

Introduction to Computer Essay Management: Introduction to Computer 2 A computer can be defined as an electronic device, which manipulates data or information and has the capability and ability to process, store, and retrieve data. It can be used for document typing, internet searching, surfing, and emailing. Computer can also be used in handling accounting, spreadsheets, database management, games, and presentations. The development and production of the present-day computer is credited to the result of advances and progress in technologies and need for quantification. Abacus, which was one of the first counting machines, paved the way for the production and manufacture of computer (Kopplin, 2002). The first freely coded and programmable computer was invented in the year 1936, since then, different men and women have come up with new diverse researches, opinions, and finds that has propelled computers to their current state of functionality. There are many pioneers in this field, but in this paper, I am going to write a biographical piece of William Henry Bill Gates, as one of the key contributor, to the development and advancement in computers. William Henry Bill Gates otherwise commonly known simply as Bill gates is known worldwide as the founder of Microsoft. He was born on 28 October 1955 in Seattle, Washington in the United States of American to William H. Gates, Sr. and Mary Maxwell Gates (Burlingame, 2004, p178). He is an accomplished philanthropist, business magnate, author, and the chairperson of Microsoft foundation. He founded the software foundation and company with Paul Allen, who is also elite in the world of computers. Bill Gates is enjoyed a consistent ranking as one of the worlds richest people, who stood as the wealthiest from the year 1995 to 2009. In the course of his career and operations at Microsoft, Bill Gates held both the Chief Executive Officers (CEO) positions and the chief software architect’s position. He has also holds the largest shares of more than 8% of common stock in the company. Bill is not only a computer gig, but is also known to have coauthored or author several computer and lea dership books. Bill Gates has grown to transform into one of the best-known and world leading entrepreneurs of a self-initiative computer revolution project. Although many admire him, a number of business and company insiders have rose up to criticize his tactics in business (Schuman, 2001, p. 100). In these present and later stages of his momentous career, Bill has played a key role in the aid and donation sector. He has involved himself in a series of philanthropic endeavors, contributing and donating hefty amounts of cash to a number of orphanages in Africa, charitable organizations and schools and scientific research programs in various institutes through his Foundation, which was established in the year 2000. In January of the same year, he stepped down as the CEO of Microsoft, but remained as chairperson and chief software architect of the company. Gates announced his intentions of him relieving himself from full-time job to a part time one at the company (Bill Melinda Gates Foundation) in J une 2006. He slowly relinquished his duties and tasks as chief software architect to Ray Ozzie, and appointed Craig Mundie as strategy and chief research officer. He stopped his full-time day duties at Microsoft on 27 June 2008, but he remains and acts as a non-executive chairperson of the Microsoft Company (Solomon, 2009, p. 29). Bill Gates was born and raised in an upper middle class family. His dad was an established lawyer, and his mother was a member of the board of directors for the United Way and First Interstate BancSystem. In his early life, his parents had a law career option for him in mind. When he was 13 years, his parents enrolled him in an executive preparatory school known as the Lakeside School. During his eighth grade, a Club (Mothers Club) at his school bought for the school’s students a block of computer time on a General Electric (GE) computer an ASR-33 Teletype terminal. Gates developed an interest in the General Electronic (GE) system programming and got an exemption from mathematics classes to study and pursue the subject of his interest. Deploying all his energy and skill to the interest, he managed to write his first running computer program on the GE machine. It was a tic-tac-toe implementation, which allowed operators to play games on the computer, against the computer. He wa s greatly fascinated by his writing and the machine because of the perfect execution of software code. Upon the exhaustion of Mothers Club’s donation, Gates and other students searched for time on other systems such as DEC PDP minicomputers. Later on during the studies, one of the systems providers (PDP-10) banned Gates and other students from Lakeside school, from using it services, because they were caught exploiting bugs installed in the computer’s operating system to gain access to free computer time. After the ban, Gates chose to go to CCCs offices to study the source code for different programs that operated on the system, including machine language, FORTRAN, and LISP programs. He continued with the CCC’s arrangement until the year 1970, when the company collapsed. Information Sciences, Inc. hired four of the best Lakeside students to help it in the writing of programs for payroll in COBOL. It provided them with computer royalties and time. Gates good work and abilities, earned him recognition amongst many people in the business. His administrators had much delight and assurance in him that they gave him the opportunity to write the schools computer program that would schedule students’ in classes. He took up the task and executed it perfectly. At age 17, he ventured into writing traffic counters programs for Traf-O-Date. The programs were based on the processor, Intel 8008 and he did the work with some help from Allen, a coworker at the company. Gate’s over whelming good work managed to earn him a service as a congressional page in the United States House of Representatives in early 1973.